Emile Durkheim Theories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Emile Durkheim Theories - Essay Example His commitment in writing was additionally colossal and is esteemed modern (Cuff and Francis 2004, p. 40). One of the fundamental worries of Durkheim was the manner by which the general public was shaped and how it worked. He watched the arrangement of the general public and the support of social request. He was worried about the honesty and lucidness of the cutting edge society. For this situation Durkheim perceived how the general public was being changed by the progressions that were occurring in the public activity of the individuals. Durkheim looked carefully the common strict and ethnic foundation that was changing the life of the general public. As indicated by Durkheim, the social changes that were occurring because of religion and ethnic changes couldn't be disregarded in the meaning of an ordinary society. These variables decided how the general public was shaped and how it worked. To comprehend the idea of the general public and the progressions that were occurring, Durkheim built as sociology model (Giddens 2001, p. 69). Alongside Herbert Spence, they built up the primary logical model that could be utilized to break down and clarify social marvels. This model which depended on the social realities could be utilized to clarify the presence and nature of various parts that makes up the general public. This was clarified well by making reference to the various elements of the social realities in keeping up the quotidian and accordingly they can be guaranteed as the forerunners to functionalism (Durkheim 1938, p. 301). Despite the fact that Durkheim showed that the general public was comprised of various parts, he likewise clarified that these parts doest not so much establish the entire society. The general public was more than these parts and their interrelationship. As indicated by Durkheim, the general public has an intricate course of action that is held together by a social texture (Lukes 1982, p. 60). Durkheim called attention to that while you required realities in considering science, you don't have a clue about the realities that are pertinent to you not until you make the science. This implies we need to utilize creative mind so as to make science that could be utilized to consider the general public even before you discover that the science we have made is extremely defective. Consequently Durkheim clarified his comprehension of the general public taking into account social certainty. He clarified social realities as the marvels which exist all by themselves despite the fact that they are will undoubtedly activity of individual individuals from the general public. In this way social realities were not quite the same as the activity of the people. They had a more noteworthy goal than the whole of activities of people that form the general public. (Ritzer 2004, p. 21) Dissimilar to his peers like Ferdinand Tonnies or Marx Weber who were considered to have made commitment to the investigation of the general public, Durkheim didn't concentrate on what inspires the activity of the people in the general public however he fairly centered around the social realities. His examinations did not depend on the methodological independence however centered around the social realities that impact the life of people in the general public despite the fact that they are totally different from the activities of the people. As per Durkheim social realities are comprised of various methods of acting and feeling which are not attached to the individual people. These ways has intensity of compulsion which they force upon singular part

Gay and Lesbian Visibility in Movies and Television :: essays research papers fc

The 1990s saw flood of gay characters in both TV and motion pictures. From Ellen Degeneres and her character Ellen Morgan coming out under much examination on the TV show ‘Ellen,’ to Julia Roberts and Rupert Everett comedically playing off one another in the movie ‘My Best Friend’s Wedding.’ Sure, gays and lesbians have been around always, particularly in Hollywood. In any case, never has there been an opportunity to be increasingly out. With the fame of shows like Will and Grace, which highlight driving gay characters, just as Dawson’s Creek and it’s supporting character of young person Jack McPhee, we are gradually observing gay and lesbian characters crawling into the prevailing press.      The nuclear family has consistently been a prized and venerated dynamic on TV and in motion pictures. Dating right back to I Love Lucy, storylines concentrated on the connection among man and lady. Ozzie and Harriet acquainted us with the quintessential American familyâ€father in a suit, mother in pearls, and two remarkable youngsters. It wasn’t until the 1970s that gay characters and ways of life started to rise. In 1973, An American Family, a PBS arrangement included one of the family’s children uncovering his homosexuality. In 1977, the TV program Soap costarred Billy Crystal as a straightforwardly gay man. During the 1980s, it got in vogue to highlight gay and lesbian characters in outfit throws. On the off chance that you watch reruns, you can generally locate the token gay, that is, the truly flaring homo or the butch lesbian exercise center educator. The movie Mannequin, featuring Andrew McCarthy and Kim Catrall, included Meshach Taylor as Holly wood, a capricious, finger-snapping gay. Numerous generalizations, for example, these proceeded until the mid nineties.      In 1991, on LA Law, two ladies share the principal same sex kiss on prime time TV. A couple of years after the fact, NBC’s hit show FRIENDS highlighted Ross Gellar’s ex as a lesbian, coming down a kid with her female accomplice. Simultaneously, the FOX organize edited a gay same sex kiss on Melrose Place, a show known for pushing limits. Around a similar time, blue pencils and conservative gatherings were extremely worked up over a kiss shared by Roseanne and Mariel Hemmingway. At long last, that kiss was additionally controlled. However, things were gradually developing in the motion pictures. Free movies had been highlighting gays and lesbians as fundamental characters, delineating reality and genuine connections. Armistead Maupin’s Tales of The City rotated around a homo-hetero matching.

Fresh Ink New Book Releases

Fresh Ink New Book Releases HARDCOVER RELEASES  Finding Jake by Bryan Reardon (William Morrow) While his successful wife goes off to her law office each day, Simon Connolly takes care of their kids, Jake and Laney. Now that they are in high school, the angst-ridden father should feel more relaxed, but he doesnt. He’s seen the statistics, read the headlines. And now, his darkest fear is coming true. There has been a shooting at school. Simon races to the rendezvous point, where he’s forced to wait. Do they know who did it? How many victims were there? Why did this happen? One by one, parents are led out of the room to reunite with their children. Their numbers dwindle, until Simon is alone. As his worst nightmare unfolds, and Jake is the only child missing, Simon begins to obsess over the past, searching for answers, for hope, for the memory of the boy he raised, for mistakes he must have made, for the reason everything came to this. Where is Jake? What happened in those final moments? Is it possible he doesn’t really know his son? Or he knows him better than he thought? Brilliantly paced, Finding Jake explores these questions in a tense and emotionally wrenching narrative. Harrowing and heartbreaking, surprisingly healing and redemptive, Finding Jake is a story of faith and conviction, strength, courage, and love that will leave readers questioning their own lives, and those they think they know. Discontent and Its Civilizations: Dispatches from Lahore, New York, and London by Mohsin Hamid (Riverhead Books) Mohsin Hamid’s brilliant, moving, and extraordinarily clever novels have not only made him an international bestseller, they have earned him a reputation as a “master critic of the modern global condition” (Foreign Policy). His stories are at once timeless and of-the-moment, and his themes are universal: love, language, ambition, power, corruption, religion, family, identity. Here he explores this terrain from a different angle in essays that deftly counterpoise the personal and the political, and are shot through with the same passion, imagination, and breathtaking shifts of perspective that gives his fiction its unmistakable electric charge. A “water lily” who has called three countries on three continents his homeâ€"Pakistan, the birthplace to which he returned as a young father; the United States, where he spent his childhood and young adulthood; and Britain, where he married and became a citizenâ€"Hamid writes about overlapping worlds with fluidity and penetrating insight. Whether he is discussing courtship rituals or pop culture, drones or the rhythms of daily life in an extended family compound, he transports us beyond the scarifying headlines of an anxious West and a volatile East, beyond stereotype and assumption, and helps to bring a dazzling diverse global culture within emotional and intellectual reach. The Interstellar Age: Inside the Forty-Year Voyager Mission  by Jim Bell (Dutton Books) The Voyager spacecraft are our farthest-flung emissariesâ€"11.3 billion miles away from the crew who built and still operate them, decades since their launch. Voyager 1 left the solar system in 2012; its sister craft, Voyager 2, will do so in 2015. The fantastic journey began in 1977, before the first episode of Cosmos aired. The mission was planned as a grand tour beyond the moon; beyond Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn; and maybe even into interstellar space. The fact that it actually happened makes this humanity’s greatest space mission. In The Interstellar Age, award-winning planetary scientist Jim Bell reveals what drove and continues to drive the members of this extraordinary team, including Ed Stone, Voyager’s chief scientist and the one-time head of NASA’s Jet Propulsion Lab; Charley Kohlhase, an orbital dynamics engineer who helped to design many of the critical slingshot maneuvers around planets that enabled the Voyagers to travel so far; and the geologist whose Earth-bound experience would prove of little help in interpreting the strange new landscapes revealed in theVoyagers’ astoundingly clear images of moons and planets. Speeding through space at a mind-bending eleven miles a second, Voyager 1 is now beyond our solar system’s planets. It carries with it artifacts of human civilization. By the time Voyager passes its first star in about 40,000 years, the gold record on the spacecraft, containing various music and images including Chuck Berry’s “Johnny B. Goode,” will still be playable. Dove Arising  by Karen Bao (Viking Books for Young Readers) Rank high, save your familyâ€"lose yourself. Shy but brilliant Phaet (“Fate”) Theta has spent fifteen years living a quiet existence in a lunar colony founded by scientists generations before. But when her mother is imprisoned and accused of treason, Phaet must save her sibilings from a grim orphan’s future by joining the Militia, a league of faceless enforcers. To survive Militia training, Phaet must rely on her wits, resilience, and fierce ambitionâ€"and on Wes, with whom she feels kinship if not exactly trust. But the higher Phaet climbs through the ranks, the more she discovers the world she’s known is a lie. Suspenseful, intelligent, and hauntingly prescient, Dove Arising stands on the shoulders of our greatest tales of the future to tell a story that is all too relevant today. PAPERBACK RELEASES The Sun and Other Stars  by Brigid Pasulka (Simon Schuster) In the seaside village of San Benedetto, twenty-two-year-old Etto finds himself adrift. Within the past year, Etto has not only lost both his twin brother and his mother, but in his grief has become estranged from his father, the local butcher. While his father passes the time with the men of the town in the fine tradition of Italian men everywhereâ€"a reverential obsession with soccerâ€"Etto retreats ever further from his day-to-day life, seeking solace in the hills above the town. But then a Ukrainian soccer star, the great Yuri Fil, sweeps into San Benedetto, taking refuge himself from an international scandal. Soon Yuri and his captivating sister Zhuki invite Etto into their world of sport, celebrity, loyalty, and humor. Under their influence, Etto begins to reconstruct his relationship with his father and, slowly, open himself back up to the world. Who knows: perhaps the game of soccer isn’t just a waste of time, and perhaps San Benedetto, his father, love, and life itself might have more to offer him than he ever believed possible. The Good Girl  by Mary Kubica (Mira) One night, Mia Dennett enters a bar to meet her on-again, off-again boyfriend. But when he doesnt show, she unwisely leaves with an enigmatic stranger. At first Colin Thatcher seems like a safe one-night stand. But following Colin home will turn out to be the worst mistake of Mias life. When Colin decides to hide Mia in a secluded cabin in rural Minnesota instead of delivering her to his employers, Mias mother, Eve, and detective Gabe Hoffman will stop at nothing to find them. But no one could have predicted the emotional entanglements that eventually cause this familys world to shatter. An addictively suspenseful and tautly written thriller, The Good Girl is a propulsive debut that reveals how even in the perfect family, nothing is as it seems. Hollow City: The Second Novel of Miss Peregrines Peculiar Children  by Ransom Riggs (Quirk Books) Miss Peregrine’s Home for Peculiar Children was the surprise best seller of 2011â€"an unprecedented mix of YA fantasy and vintage photography that enthralled readers and critics alike. Publishers Weekly called it “an enjoyable, eccentric read, distinguished by well-developed characters, a believable Welsh setting, and some very creepy monsters.” This second novel begins in 1940, immediately after the first book ended. Having escaped Miss Peregrine’s island by the skin of their teeth, Jacob and his new friends must journey to London, the peculiar capital of the world. Along the way, they encounter new allies, a menagerie of peculiar animals, and other unexpected surprises. Complete with dozens of newly discovered (and thoroughly mesmerizing) vintage photographs, this new adventure will delight readers of all ages. ____________________ Expand your literary horizons with New Books!, a weekly newsletter spotlighting 3-5 exciting new releases, hand-picked by our very own Liberty Hardy. Sign up now!

The American Revolution Essay - 1458 Words

While many historians might argue that the American Revolution was not so revolutionary in its nature, there is no denying the lasting effects that it has had not only on the continent, but the world. Through an analysis of documents from this period and the social, political, and economic changes that occurred in the colonies, it is clear that the colonial governmental system was radically changed during this time period. The political ideas that emerged from this revolution have shaped modern democratic governments for years, coupled with the advancement of other Enlightenment ideals. Between 1763 and 1776, tensions between the colonists and Britain built steadily. Britain’s fear that the colonies were headed towards independence led them to the institution of major reforms that severely limited the colonies economically and politically. The inevitable backlash to these policies led to even more stringent ones, which convinced the colonists that the British were actively attempting to infringe on their rights as Englishmen. However, â€Å"Until a few months before it happened, nearly all colonists denied that they desired independence..†(LEP,197). Thus, the general population of colonists were not interested in breaking from the mother country until they felt that their rights were being obstructed.(LEP). Thomas Paine’s Common Sense laid bare many of the grievances that colonists had with Britain and the manner that they conducted their affairs on the continent. Paine opensShow MoreRelatedThe American Revolution : The Revolution1367 Words   |  6 PagesThe American Revolution Revolutionizes the World It was the first revolution to majorly succeed and change how people saw their countries, it was the American Revolution. The American Revolution was the first successful revolution against a European empire that provided a model for many other colonial peoples who realized that they too could break away and become self-governing nations (New world Encyclopedia, 1).The American Revolution was vital to history because ideas seen by other countries startedRead MoreThe Revolution Of The American Revolution999 Words   |  4 PagesBetween 1770 and 1776, resistance to imperial change turned into a full-on revolution. The American Revolution, also known as the Revolutionary War, was a time of revolting and political uprising, in which the 13 colonies separated from the British Empire, forming the independent nation known as the United States of America. Though the American Revolution began because the colonies wanted independence from Britain, many important historical events and revolts also lead to the tensions and resistanceRead MoreThe Revolution Of The American Revolution1362 Words   |  6 PagesEvery 4th of July, Americans are told the story of the American Revolution. We remember the oppressed colonists fighting against the tyrannical King George III and the formidable red coats. Patriotic heroes are remembered, evil kings are cursed, and the liberties and freedoms won from the war are celebrated. Though America often likes to look back to the revolution, the question of just how much a revolution was the American Revolution is rarely asked. While the American revolution was not as radicalRead MoreThe Revolution Of The American Revolution863 Words   |  4 PagesThere are many different views on how the American Revolution came to be and how it actually was. One way is that the colonists that had money and were known as the elite were trying to preserve their power from the British and this is what caused the revolutionary war. Then on the other hand bef ore the revolutionary war occurred when the colonists were being over controlled by the British, then in result of the American Revolution the colonists were able to win against the British and become strongerRead MoreThe Revolution Of The American Revolution1582 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The revolution was effected before the war commenced. The revolution was in the minds and hearts of the people.† - John Adams, 1818 This quote means that the revolution actually took place metaphorically before the actually fighting began. It took place in the emotions and thoughts of the Americans. The Road to Revolution After the Seven Years’ War created a financial problem for Britain The British tried to shoulder some of the financial responsibilities onto the Americas in the form of variousRead MoreThe Revolution Of The American Revolution850 Words   |  4 PagesIn regards to the American Revolution, the point that armed rebellion became inevitable arrived when after nearly five constant years of American colonist protesting. American s had enough and needed to take a stand for the numerous inequalities they were forced to deal with. It was foreseeable that the American Revolution took place due to the unfair taxes that the British were giving Americans. Also, England was not allowing Americans their freedom, along with violence and the political dominanceRead MoreThe American Revolution. The American Revolution Started1581 Words   |  7 PagesThe American Revolution The American Revolution started when King George the 3rd decided to make the American Colonies pay a large amount of money for the debt of the French and Indian War by giving the colonist different types of taxes like the Sugar Act in 1764. The sugar Act of 1764 was a British Law that was passed on April 5, 1764, that collected incomes from the 13 colonies. The act put a huge tax on the sugar and molasses that were imported into the colonies which were a huge impact for theRead MoreThe American Revolution1337 Words   |  6 PagesThe American Revolution was much more than an insurrection against British tariffs and patronage decree. Rather, it was a bureaucratic catastrophe in which colonists from the thirteen American colonies denied the British sovereignty, eradicated the jurisdiction of Great Britain and established the United States of America. The upheaval was a primitive modern revolution in which generality traversed for liberty in the statute of law, constitutional privilege and supremacy. Ensuing years of contentionRead MoreThe American Revolution889 Words   |  4 PagesThe American Revolution was one of the most vital events in American History lasting form 1775 to 1783, it effected the nation socially, economically and politically. The American Revolution brought upon many changes in America, and freedom of the nation. The Revolutionary War was a stepping stone to what we are as a nation today, it created both short and long-term effects on the world. When wanting to blame a certain side, the British politicians or the American agitators, several key points leadRead MoreThe American Revolution993 Words   |  4 PagesThe topic of the American Revolution is a topic that has been discussed on multiple levels and is extremely well-known, especially within the United States. The details are a little on the generic and basic side but it is at least understood on some level. Most people are aware of the American standpoint, the what, why, how, and when , but there is much more depth to what occurred. The war was obviously between the Americas and the Mother country of Britain, but there were more than just those two

Gang Violence Essay - 996 Words

Gang Violence Gangs are becoming a growing problem in American society. More young people are turning to gangs to solve problems in their lives. When youths join gangs they drop social activities with family, friends and school. Members fall behind their classmates in school and do not try. A study shows that less than 1% of gang bangers is literate1. Gangs destroy teenager lives and destroy their chances for a good education and happy life. Gangs are now a haven for rats. Teenagers are joining gangs every day. They join gangs for many reasons. A former gang member known as G-Ball was very young when he joined a his gang. He and a friend would play a game. They would pose as gang members to be cool. Then police†¦show more content†¦A school in Baytown, Texas has banned its students from wearing the following gang clothing -Solid red or black shirt with pants or skirt -Solid red or white shirt over a black shirt -Red and black flannel shirt or jacket -Blue and black flannel shirt or jacket -Clothing with Chicago Bulls, White Sox, Los Angles Raiders, Kings, University of Nevada-Las Vegas, or University of Miami Logos Everyone believes these types of clothes are worn by gang members. But what if they start wearing 3-piece suits or Mickey Mouse T-shirts? When will it end. Richard Sallivan, 40.3 Many gangs use hand signs (like sign language). Signs are flashed to gang members or to rival gangs. These signs say we are number one, or Power. They also have signs to show victory and a primo sign after a fight or gang war. Signs can represent gang names. Some examples are Mafia Crips, Athens Park Boys, or the Underground crip. Signs are shown below. While gangs grow and get more powerful, what is being done? City police departments play a big role in stopping violence and drugs. The most popular program for school aged children is the D.A.R.E. (Drug Abuse Resistance Education). D.A.R.E. teaches kids that violence and drugs are not a good way of life. This program takes place in grades 4-8. In the Phoenix Police Department they support the G.R.E.A.T. Program. It teaches children avoidance of drugs and gangs. ItShow MoreRelatedThe Violence Of Gangs And Gangs1377 Words   |  6 PagesGangs have become one of the nation’s fastest growing problems within recent history. According to the Federal Bureau of Investigation about 33,000 violent street gangs, motorcycle gangs, and prison gangs with about 2.4 million members are criminally active in the U.S. today. They use violence to control neighborhoods and boost their illegal moneymaking activities, which include but are not limited to: robbery, drug and gun trafficking, fraud, extortion, and prostitute rings. With as much researchRead MoreGangs: Crime and Gang Violence1549 Words   |  7 PagesGangs Gangs are a violent reality that people have to deal with in today s cities. What has made these groups come about? Why do kids feel that being in a gang is both an acceptable and prestigious way to live? The long range answer to these questions can only be speculated upon, but in the short term the answers are much easier to find. On the surface, gangs are a direct result of human beings personal wants and peer pressure. To determine how to effectively end gang violence weRead MoreA Review of Gang Violence1357 Words   |  5 PagesRe: Increased Incidents of Gang Violence within Broward County, Florida The purpose of this paper is to review and verify a recent study by Scott H. Decker of the University of Missouri – St. Louis, entitled Collective and Normative Features in Gang Violence (Decker VanWinkle, 1996). The study will attempt to address why our local increase in gang violence has reached monumental heights causing an increase in gang members appearing your court. The overall theme of the study depicts overallRead MoreThe Problem Of Gang Violence1356 Words   |  6 PagesGang violence has grown to be a great problem in El Salvador in the last 30 years. Gangs have grown into large, complex organized crime units; the two largest gangs, MS13 (also known as Mara Salvatrucha 13) and Barrio18 (also known as Calle18), now encompass large parts of Central America. Both gangs rely heavily on local drug-peddling, which drives most of the general gang violence. The desire for control over certain areas had forged a fierce rivalry, in which civilians are often endangered whenRead MoreGang Violence Essay1886 Words   |  8 PagesCarolina Governor’s crime commission states that there are 1,446 gangs across the state with a total of 19,000 members. The average age of gang membership is 15 years old (Our Initiatives-Gang Prevention). In the 1980’s national gangs began to shift from just the bad street type local criminals to taking on pu blic arrangements involved with drug trafficking and other illegal activities. As there power and membership increased gangs were being recognized in locations outside of their regular neighborhoodRead More Gang Violence Essay812 Words   |  4 Pages Gang Violence nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Nowadays gangs are big issues in America. People who are in gang feel like they belong some where and people care about them. There are various reasons people join gangs, and almost all age group between ages 12-40 are involved in gangs. One of the big reasons people join gangs is because of their needs, protection, and also they want attention from people around them. Gang’s should be taken seriously because today’s gangs are more violent and brutalRead MoreGang Violence Essay987 Words   |  4 Pagestheir home. Gang violence in youths is a prominent problem around numerous portions of the world today. Youths are forced to go along with the engagements taken place in the gang which can be cataclysmic to society and themselves. The life of a youth and their family can be altered by just one simple decision to join a gang, put many people in danger of being hurt, however there are still many workable solutions to put these youths back on track. When a youth elects to join a gang it is typicallyRead MoreGangs And Their Role With The Violence1815 Words   |  8 PagesG H 456 Final Project Outline Gangs and Their Role With The Violence In El Salvador I. Introduction (1 page) a. What defines gang activity? What do youths have to do with it? i. Give the definition of gang activity, what it actually is compared to the world’s stereotypical view of members ii. Prevalence of gangs in the world iii. Youth involvement iv. Differences of gangs across regions of el Salvador v. The extent of member’s participation (what does an average member do? What crimes do they commit/notRead MoreGang Violence Essay1032 Words   |  5 PagesGang Violence Gangs are becoming a growing problem in American society. More young people are turning to gangs to solve problems in there lives. When youths join gangs they drop social activities with family, friends and school. Members fall behind their classmates in school and do not try. A study shows that less than 1% of gang bangers is literate1. Gangs destroy teenager lives and destroy their chances for a good education and happy life. Gangs are now a haven for rats. TeenagersRead MoreIs Gang Violence Worth It?1964 Words   |  8 PagesUche Igbokwe Mr. Hines ELA 11 - Period 6 18 March 2016 Is Gang Violence Worth it? Back in 2015 there was a great concern with fraternity homicides, especially with Asian-American fraternities and sororities. Originated from Chinese men in 1916 attending Cornell University, there are now more than 65 Asian-American fraternities and sororities throughout the country today. They were created because Asians found themselves excluded from the other white fraternities in many universities. Unknown to

Analysis of Sound of Silence Free Essays

Lack of communication: An analysis of â€Å"The Sound of Silence† â€Å"Sounds of Silence is an album by Simon and Garfunkel, released on January 17, 1966† [ (wikipedia) ]. This is a beautiful song composed with wonderful choices of words. Behind this beautiful song with melodious rhythm, there is a big message in the lyrics. We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis of Sound of Silence or any similar topic only for you Order Now In this poem, Simon presents the speaker who speaks about communication. The idea of lack of communication builds up throughout this poem. This poem conveys a message that there is a lack of real communication in the people. The poet multiple uses of words in this poem have a significant meaning and strongly support the thesis above. The multiple uses of â€Å"I† imply that he wants the reader to be the particular person he is referring to in the poem. â€Å"I’ve come to talk with you again. † and â€Å"Left its seeds while I was sleeping† in the beginning of the poem relates silence with the speaker (lines 2-4). The darkness meaning silence in this poem is speaker’s old friend. He knows the silence very well. Similarly, the multiple use of ‘and’ provides reasoning and supports for the writer’s argument. For example, in the lines â€Å"And the vision that was planted in my brain†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. the sound of silence†, the speaker argues that the environment he has created is still inside his brain and thus is not exposed yet (5-7). The speaker also uses the word ‘people’ many times. â€Å"People† in this poem refers to all the common people without being concerned to any individuals (17-19). In this context, people refer to those mass who are communicating with each other without any emotional feelings. The poem describes people’s way of communicating in several lines. Through the lines below, Simon wants the speaker to know how people are sharing information with no value. The following section is most important because they convey the speaker’s main message: â€Å"People talking without speaking People hearing without listening People writing songs that voices never share And no one dared Disturb the sound of silence† (17-21). In this stanza, â€Å"People† being used three times indicates that the speaker is talking about common people of a nation where they are ruled by some dictators or harsh leader where public opinions have no any value and the freedom is snatched from the people. People are talking but they do not know what they are talking about. Their speech does not have any meaning and they are uttering words just because they are told to do so. They hear the words without interpreting them and are ready to accept whatever the leader commands without realizing the results. They know this fact, and can distinguish between right and wrong but they confine their emotions within themselves never sharing those ideas to others. They fear that silence which is their old friend will be broken. Throughout the essay, Simon wants the speaker to know how people are really lacking communication and how it going to affect them. The speaker blames people for not having real communication. By characterizing common people as â€Å"Fools†, the speaker argues that the people are going dumb without having a good communication media (22). Lack of communication make people stupid because they are unaware what is going on in the world. Using the word fool, speaker stresses how important communication is. People really turn numb without communication. It is only through communication, knowledge is shared and people are aware of many things happening in the world. The narrator continues â€Å"Silence like a cancer grows† (23). The use of this phrase suggests us that no communication is as dreadful as cancer. When someone is silent for a long time, it becomes a habit and the victim may not even notice that. Like there is no any treatment for cancer, it is very hard to convince the people who are living without any communication for a long time. Thus, the speaker’s suggestions do not work in this case too. He tries to convince the people and bring an awareness in them as he says â€Å"Hear my words†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. reach you† (24-25). But nobody accepts the speaker’s suggestions and these suggestions come back to him like he says in his poem â€Å"And echoed In the wells of silence† (20-21). In the lines, â€Å"And the people bowed†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦neon god they made† (29-30), the poet presents Neon God as a technology. People depend on technologies thinking they are more important because they make their work easier. People today spend much time in text messages, cell phones and chatting, and these are all what the narrator points as talking without speaking and hearing without listening. People have forgotten the real communication. The real ommunication is when there are feelings, when people share ideas face to face. But people are busy in enjoying the technology without thinking about its harmful consequences. Through this poem, the speaker creates the environment where there is silence everywhere. He dramatizes a community of people where people do not communicate actually. Lack of co mmunication creates an illusion in people. People always worship technologies but never put an effort for real communication. This poem can be a good media to show the importance of real communication and bring awareness among the general people. How to cite Analysis of Sound of Silence, Papers

Statistics and Business Challenges Research Methods

Question: Discuss about the Statistics and Business Challenges Research Methods. Answer: Introduction Tesco is a popular multinational grocery and general merchandise retailer located in Britain. The workforce of Tesco ranges across different cultures and different education levels. The diversities in the workforce of Tesco are given utmost importance in the organisation to have an effective business of the organisation (Snell et al., 2015). The HR management of the company faces various issues for this workforce diversity in their organisation. Difference in race, culture and background demystify the challenges for the management of Tesco Plc, which affects the working structure of the organisation (Epstein Buhovac, 2014). In this assignment, the challenges faced by Tesco Plc due to workforce diversity would be explored. The management of this workforce diversity by the Tesco Plc would also be explored in this assignment. The study of the impact of workforce diversity management on the organisation would also be studied in this assignment. The methods of collection of the data for this research, analysis of the collected data and the expected outcome of the research would be mentioned in this assignment. Problem statement The problem statement of this research is the challenges faced Tesco Plc due to diversity in workforce of the company and management of this workforce diversity by the organisation and the impact of the workforce diversity management on the organisation. Research aim The aim of the research is to identify the challenges faced Tesco Plc due to diversity in workforce of the company and management of this workforce diversity by the organisation. The aim also includes finding the impact of the workforce diversity management on the organisation. Research objective The objective of the research is as follows: To find the importance of the workforce diversity management To identify the primary challenges faced by the organisation due to management of diversity in workforce To understand the impact on Tesco Plc for the challenges in workforce diversity management faced by the organisation To provide suggestions to Tesco Plc regarding the improvement of workforce diversity management Research questions The questions of this research are given below: What are the importances of the workforce diversity management? What are the primary challenges faced by the organisation due to management of diversity in workforce? How is the impact on Tesco Plc for the challenges in workforce diversity management faced by the organisation? What are the suggestions to Tesco Plc regarding the improvement of workforce diversity management? Literature review As per the viewpoint of Nica (2013), it was seen that diversity of workforce is one of the major subject of contemporary human resource department of any organisation. It is seen the topic of workforce diversity management is gathering importance because effective management of workforce diversity helps the organisation to have a better growth and creates a positive impact on the business (Berman et al., 2015). Tesco Plc, being a retail company in Britain, has diversity in the workforce. The employees, ranging from workers to higher authorities belong to different places across the globes (Sabharwal, 2014). These workforces have different cultural background and they belong to different races, class and creeds. This makes the working environment of Tesco Plc an interesting subject as it has different ethnic groups in the workplace. According to the viewpoint of Kulik et al. (2014), it was found that the workforce diversity of the employees of Tesco Plc had helped in the development of the company over the years. There was various negative and positive impact of the workforce diversity management on Tesco Plc. As per the viewpoint of Kirton Greene (2015), it was seen that the current era is the era of globalisation. This implements the world to mix with various workforces across the world. Mix of different cultural and educational backgrounds, beliefs, races, creeds and others makes the society and working environment a multicultural environment (Kulik 2014). It is seen that globalisation improves the efficiency of a workplace and helps the co-workers gather knowledge regarding different cultural background, beliefs, traditions and customs. Tesco Plc, being a retail company, has their business spread worldwide. They had to frame their business policies accordingly so that they can ensure unbiased business policies at various outlets across the globe (Podsiadlowsk et al., 2013). They have international customers who travel across the globe and purchase the products from various outlets of Tesco Plc worldwide. As per the viewpoint of Daft (2012), it was seen that workforce diversity sometimes creates differences among the co-workers due to the difference in their background, culture, race and beliefs. These affect the smooth functioning of the company, Tesco Plc., and affect the business of the company. It is seen that the success and failures of the business of this retail industry mainly depend on the attitudes of the diverse workforce of the company and the effective management of the company (Martn et al., 2013). As per the viewpoint of Stone (2013), it was seen that the management of this diversity in the workforce of the Tesco Plc is important for the human resource management of the company. They frame effective policies for the smooth functioning of the company and performing important functions of the organisations. Smooth functioning of the employees is related to the healthy relationship between the co-workers and higher management (Barak, 2013). Disrespecting the co-workers and creating an unhealthy environment among the workplace would hamper their work and would affect the smooth functioning of the company. The challenges faced by the company, Tesco Plc, due to their workforce diversity management and the impact of this management on the functioning of the organisation would be studied, thereby providing an idea about the management of workforce diversity in Tesco Plc. Research methodology Type of investigation There are various methods of investigation of data which includes exploratory, explanatory and descriptive. In this research, the explanatory methods would be used to investigate the collected data. The approach of this research would be deductive as it would help in the discussion of the collected data. Research Strategy The strategy of the research includes interviewing the managers and employees of Tesco Plc to collect the data regarding the research. The collected data would help the researcher to cover up all the objective of the research and would help to frame the report of the research. Sampling and Sample Size The sample size of this research would be 60 which include 5 managers and 55 employees of the company, Tesco Plc. The sampling method that will be used in this research is the methods of random sampling. 5 managers of the company and 55 employees of the company would be chosen randomly to form the sample of the research. Techniques used for analysis The methods of descriptive statistics, methods of frequency and Pearsons correlation coefficient would be used to analyze the collected data and interpretation of these analysis would satisfy the aim of the research. Data collection The data that would be used for the research is the primary data. It would be collected by surveying 5 managers of Tesco Plc and 55 employees of the organisation. They would be provided a set of questionnaire, which would provide the sample of the research. Both qualitative and quantitative data would be used in this research. Data on Likerts scale would be used for quantitative measures. 60 samples would be used for this research. Statistical methods of descriptive statistics, frequency and Pearsons correlation coefficient would be used for analysis of the collected data. Data analysis The managers were asked about the importance of the workforce diversity management, the average value of the variable was found to be 2.8, and the standard deviation was found to be 1.30. This shows that on an average the importance of workforce diversity management was found to be variety of viewpoints. The value of standard deviation is not high and it can be interpreted that the managers feel that the diversity in the viewpoints is important for workforce diversity. The average value for the challenges faced by workforce diversity management was found to be 2.4 and the standard deviation 1.14. This shows that the resistance to change is the average problem faced by the managers of the company on this variable. The variable impact on Tesco Plc for the challenges in workforce diversity management has the average value of 2.2 and the standard deviation of the variable is 0.8366. This suggests that on an average the managers of the company feel that the impact on Tesco Plc due to the challenges in workforce diversity management is provides opportunity of creativity. They feel that it provides the employees an opportunity to show their innovative attitudes and put forward their creativity, which would help the company in their business in the end. The average value of the variable suggestions to improve workforce diversity management is found to be 2.4 and the standard deviation is found to be 1.14. This shows that the managers feel address diversity in every aspect of talent management is the best option to improve workforce diversity management. The value of standard deviation is not high, which suggests that the addressing the diversity would result to better workforce diversity management. On surveying the employees regarding the workforce diversity management, 17 of them had said that the management of workforce diversity is highly important, 16 of them said that they are important while 9 of them remained neutral about it. 7 of the employees said that it is less important while 6 of them said it is least important. The Pearsons correlation coefficient between importance of workforce diversity management and degree of challenges faced was found to be 0.088. This shows that the importance of workforce diversity management and degree of challenges faced is positively correlated with each other and the strength of association between the two variables is weak. 33 employees said that they face challenges regarding the workforce diversity management while 22 of them said that they do not face any challenges. Survey result shows that the 17 employees face higher degree of challenges regarding workforce diversity management, 11 of them face high challenges regarding workforce diversity management and 8 of them gave neutral views regarding it. 12 employees said that they face less challenges while 7 of them said they face least challenges. It is seen that 15 employees had higher impact of workforce diversity management challenges, 19 of them had high impact on the of workforce diversity management challenges and 10 of them gave their views as neutral. 7 of them said that they had low impact of workforce diversity management challenges while 4 of them had least impact of workforce diversity management challenges. It was also seen that the 9 employees suggested the method of identifying new talents as a suggestion to improve workforce diversity management, 15 employees suggested the methods of address diversity in every aspect of talent management, 23 of them suggested the method of create ways to connect like people and 8 of them said that look beyond compliances. This shows that the employees prefer to create ways to connect with the people so that they can know their co-workers properly and can understand them for better performance in the workplace. The Pearsons correlation coefficient shows that the correlation coefficient of how important is the workforce diversity management with the variables degree of impact of workforce diversity management challenges and suggestions to improve workforce diversity management is -0.103112436 and 0.262749078 respectively. This shows that the degree of impact of workforce diversity management on its importance is negatively related with each other and the degree of association is weak in this case. The importances of workforce diversity management challenges are weakly and positively correlated with suggestions of its improvement, which shows that its importance is dependent on the suggestions of improvement. The Pearsons correlation coefficient between degrees of challenges faced and degree of impact of workforce diversity management challenges and suggestions to improve workforce diversity management was found to be 0.24 and -0.104 respectively. It can be interpreted that the degree of the challenges faced is weakly, positively correlated with degree of impact of the challenges, and negatively correlated with the suggestions provided for improvement. The Pearsons correlation coefficient between degree of impact of workforce diversity management challenges and suggestions to improve workforce diversity management was found to be 0.089, which is a weak and positive correlation coefficient. This shows that the impact of the challenges is positive when the suggestions regarding the improvement of challenges are positive. Ethical consideration The respondents must be informed about the aim of the research and they should not be forced to answer the questionnaire. Consents must be taken from the respondents prior to the use of their responses in the survey. The researcher must not alter any responses of the respondents and he should keep the identity of the respondents confidential. The researcher must not for the respondents to respond to the questions and he shall be easily approachable by the respondents. Gantt chart Week 1 Week 6 Week 10 Week 13 Week 14 Introduction Literature review Data collection Data analysis Expected outcome Table 1: Gantt chart of the research (Source: created by author) Expected outcome It is expected that the managers would prefer variety of viewpoints as the importance of the workforce diversity management. They might also think that resistance to change is the major challenge that they would face during workforce diversity management. The managers are expected to agree that providing better opportunity for the creativity would be the impact of the challenges on Tesco Plc and they would prefer to create ways to connect like people to improve workforce diversity management. It is also expected that the workforce diversity management is important for the employees. The employees are expected to face challenges regarding the workforce diversity management and the degrees of challenges are expected to be of higher level. The degree of impact of workforce diversity management challenges are expected to be high and the employees are expected to suggest the method of create ways to connect like people for the improvement of workforce diversity management. References Barak, M. E. M. (2013). Managing diversity: Toward a globally inclusive workplace. Sage Publications. Berman, E. M., Bowman, J. S., West, J. P., Van Wart, M. R. (2015). Human resource management in public service: Paradoxes, processes, and problems. Sage Publications. Daft, R. (2012). Organization theory and design. Nelson Education. Epstein, M. J., Buhovac, A. R. (2014). Making sustainability work: Best practices in managing and measuring corporate social, environmental, and economic impacts. Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Kirton, G., Greene, A. M. (2015). The dynamics of managing diversity: A critical approach. Routledge. Kulik, C. T. (2014). Working below and above the line: The researchpractice gap in diversity management. Human Resource Management Journal, 24(2), 129-144. Kulik, C. T., Ryan, S., Harper, S., George, G. (2014). Aging populations and management. Academy of Management Journal, 57(4), 929-935. Martn Alczar, F., Miguel Romero Fernndez, P., Snchez Gardey, G. (2013). Workforce diversity in strategic human resource management models: A critical review of the literature and implications for future research. Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal, 20(1), 39-49. Nica, E. (2013). Organizational culture in the public sector. Economics, Management and Financial Markets, 8(2), 179. Podsiadlowski, A., Grschke, D., Kogler, M., Springer, C., Van Der Zee, K. (2013). Managing a culturally diverse workforce: Diversity perspectives in organizations. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 37(2), 159-175. Sabharwal, M. (2014). Is diversity management sufficient? Organizational inclusion to further performance. Public Personnel Management, 0091026014522202. Snell, S. A., Morris, S. S., Bohlander, G. W. (2015). Managing human resources. Nelson Education. Stone, R. J. (2013). Managing human resources. John Wiley and Sons. Thomas, K. M. (Ed.). (2012). Diversity resistance in organizations. Psychology Press.

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Massimo Dutti Marketing Analysis Massimo Dutti was founded in 1985 as a company whose main activity was the sale of fashionable mens clothing. Ten years later, the commercial format was bought by the Inditex Group (Industria de Diseà ±o Textil S.A.), one of the worlds largest fashion distributors, who owns brands like Bershka, Pull and Bear and Zara. The Inditex Group as a whole has more than 4,530 stores in 74 countries in Europe, the Americas, Asia and Africa. The group also partially and wholly owns more than a hundred companies related with the different activities in the business of textile and fashion design, manufacture and distribution. Its unique management model, based on innovation and flexibility, and its vision of fashion has resulted in fast international expansion and an excellent performance of all its commercial formats. Today, Massimo Dutti has more than 490 stores in 41 countries. The company entered UK in 2003 with its first store in London. The new megastore occupied three floors of a building placed in downtown Regent Street, which had more than 2,000 square meters of business area. Massimo Dutti offers quality international fashion design for men, women and children, with a variety of collections that range from sophisticated urban fashions to casual wear. Its universal design connects with independent urban men and women whose lifestyle portrays an impeccable image. During 2008 Massimo Dutti extended its assortment of complements and accessories to help customers find the small details that mark the difference in style and add the finishing touch to the desired look. Highlights in this product extension are the new line of eye and sunglasses, The Eyewear Collection, with more models for men and women, and the launch of a new womens perfume, En Esencia. The company also added the childrens line in 2008 which includes collections for boys and girls and was launched in Paris. 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The third section of the report analyses the internal environment and includes the supply chain analysis, the marketing resources, financial resources and the human resources employed within the organisation. The report concludes by suggesting a strategic direction the company should take in order to reach its full potential. Macro Environment Analysis Massimo Dutti being a global organisation is affected by a number of macro environmental factors. These factors are the basis on which a company develops its understanding of the markets, business position and the strategic direction for its operations. In recent years the macro environment has been increasingly being put into consideration because of higher marker volatility, the global slowdown and the economic recession. These factors not only pose a great threat to businesses but can also create many opportunities which a company can identify and take advantage of. For instance, if a business is able to assess its current environment and predict potential changes, it will be better placed in its marketplace than its competitors to respond to changes in the environment. Thus understanding and operating with the macro environment i.e. the external environment in which the business operates, is increasingly becoming the key to organisational success as it can help to maximise opportunities and minimise threats which the organisation faces. In other words a macro environment scanning can help us to identify various opportunities and threats in the organisation. There are a number of macro environmental factors which affect the UK clothing retail market. These factors are known as the PEST factors or the political, economic, social and technological factors which help the scanning of the environment. (Appendix A.1) (P)olitical Environment The clothing retail sector in the UK has seen a number of changes in their political environment in recent years. The first change is the recent expansion of the EU territory which has facilitated import and export amongst various countries within the EU. As a result of this trade between these countries legal agreements and setting up new operations and stores has become more attractive than ever. For Massimo Dutti it translates to wider markets and a wider consumer base both within and outside the UK. This type of an impact is visible in a long term with a positive and increasing impact to the company. The second change is the change in interest rates and government taxation which is the result of the global economic recession. The government has implemented a range of measures to stabilise the financial markets and stimulate the economy including part-nationalisation of some banks, VAT cuts, and suspending public sector borrowing rules. Also In March 2009, the Bank of England cut interest rates to a record low of just 0.5% where they remain at the time of writing. The government also gave the go-ahead for the more drastic policy of quantitative easing in an effort to kick-start the economy. (Appendix A.2) The impact of this government policy has resulted in a higher degree of disposable income in the hands of the consumer and has thus facilitated the retail sector. On the other hand when interest rates eventually start to rise they could do so quite suddenly and sharply thereby increasing the risk of less spending on mid-market luxury retailers like Massimo Dutti. (Appendix A.3) (E)conomic Environment- Recession the UK Clothing Retail There have been numerous amounts of economic changes since 2007 which are the result of the global economic slowdown and the recession. Until recently the British economy was enjoying the longest period of growth and had outpaced most of the rest of Western Europe. But the global economic downturn, tight credit and falling house prices brought the UK into the recession in the back half of 2008. This economic downturn resulted in a change in the economic factors that affected the UK retail sector as a whole. The fashion industry in particular has been more vulnerable to such a downturn than other retail settings. Due to the recession the economy has shown frequent fluctuations in the currency rates. This change has affected the retailers as they have absorbed these fluctuations. This is because they are situated in a price-led market i.e. have to provide competitive prices in the market to survive further putting more pressure on their profit margins. Also due to the decrease in the disposable income of the consumers only the cheap fashion / fast-fashion sector has benefited. Companies like Pennys, Primark and TK max have recorded highest sales due to the recession. The implications of such a trend are that less money is spent on designer clothes as well as accessorises. Consumers may stop spending on high end luxury brand and accessories and go in for fast-fashion clothing thereby posing a risk to Massimo Dutti. It can also be noted that spending on clothing has reduced than compared to other spending sectors. The global economic slowdown has impacted heavily on clothing retailers as it has hit consumers willingness and ability to spend on discretionary items. Thus companies like Massimo Dutti may face a slowdown in sales volumes. Unemployment has climbed consistently since mid-2008, reaching 7.8% by Q2 2009 and it could rise to over 10% in 2010. Youth unemployment (18-24-year-olds) exceeded 17% by the second quarter of 2009 and in the short term will continue trending upwards. This impacts heavily the purchasing power of those concerned and hence reducing an important market segment for mid-market luxury retailers. (Appendix A.2, A.4) (S)ocial Environment- The Changing Demographics The social environment relates to consumer attitudes and opinions towards different product types and brands in the marketplace. It also relates to changes in consumer behaviour and their demographics i.e. age, sex, gender, family size etc. Changes in social trends can impact on the demand for a firms products and the availability and willingness of individuals to work. Thus it is very important for the firm to identify these factors and translate them into opportunities and get rid of all potential threats. A large number of consumers have changed the way they shop for clothes and in the main those changes involve cutting back in some way by spending less, by mostly buying discounted lines, or by buying from value retailers or less expensive shops. According to a research by Mintel over one in four people have not changed their shopping habits for clothes since the recession started but many consumers have, and the most significant changes are all savings-related i.e. spending less, shopping around more, not buying at full price, buying more from value or less expensive retailers. (Appendix A.5) This cutting back on expenditure by the consumer means that they wish to spend more on value retailers rather than mid-market luxury retailers. According to Mintel the mid-market segment has also squeezed as a result of a price-led consumer market. For instance mid-market players like like-for-like and Dorothy Perkins have gone down in sales. Like-for-like traded down 2.4% in the Q1 of year 2009-10 and Dorothy Perkins was still heavy with summer markdowns when rivals were relatively clean with new autumn ranges. Gaps international quarterly sales to August 2009 dropped by 5% which is an important competitor for Massimo Dutti. Other mid-market players like HM and MS have traded up as they are price-led retailers. (Appendix A.6) On the other hand high-end designer buyers tend to buy more from the mid-market than from the upmarket high street retailers as a result of the ongoing recession. This is because of lack of particular brand loyalty, financial inability to buy everything from designer brands and the tendency of buying basics (i.e. T-shirts, jeans etc) from the mid-market retailers. (Appendix A.9) Another trend in change is that the 25-54s have traded down the most amongst all other consumer age groups. This age band has been among the worst hit by the recession because of their larger financial commitments. This age group is the main target market for Massimo Dutti and hence affect the company sales the most. (Appendix A.7) Because of a combination of various above discussed factors customers are much more likely to now buy more from familiar brands/shops they trust. (Appendix A.8) (T)echnological Environment The technological environment consists of changes in technology related to the manufacture, sourcing, distribution or sales of a various components of products in that industry. A change in technology for various processes in the industry sometimes creates barriers to entry and also leads to innovation. Thus it is very important for firms to adapt to the changing trends of technology. Online fashion has become significantly more popular as choices have improved. These days many consumers prefer to shop online as it not only saves time but also offers a full view of the collection at a single click. Fashion sites are also engaging more effectively with the customers through; better product imagery, establishing online communities; utilising user generated content, introducing virtual changing rooms etc. These types of innovations help the consumers to establish a better three dimensional understanding of the products they want to buy and hence provide a better opportunity for the marketers to capture the consumer. (Appendix A.10) Another trend is M-commerce. It is a potential source of growth for the future, particularly among the young a key demographic for fashion. But it will depend on more retailers launching mobile applications and on consumer ownership of smart phones. (Appendix A.10) Other Factors There are some other factors other than political, social, economic and technological factors that affect the UK clothing retail market. One of them is the environmental concerns facing the fashion industry today. Many environmentalists have raised objections against fast-fashion goods as they not only end up in landfills faster than usual but also because of the time, effort and resources utilized in their production. According to a research it shows that on average in the UK 30kgs of clothes per person are dumped into landfills as a result of the fast-fashion. It accounts for about 1,000kg of CO2 a year roughly half that emitted by a small diesel car. Each year the average person in the UK spends about  £650 on 50 or so items of clothing and accounts for a large part of our carbon footprint. When they are manufactured, when they are transported, when they are washed and even when they are thrown away, clothes are responsible for significant greenhouse gas emissions. 90% of the c lothes people buy in the UK are transported from abroad, mainly from China, India and Bangladesh and it only adds to the environmental impact of clothing. Also, working in the textiles industry often means long hours, low pay, poor safety records and the use of child labour. This it raises environmental and ethical concerns (Appendix A.11). It raises concerns for the Inditex group as a whole as their prime focus recently has been the introduction of fast-fashion products into the markets through their various brands. Massimo Dutti Opportunities With the help of the macro environmental analysis opportunities of the company can be identified. These opportunities can be maximised so the company can be placed ahead of its competitors in the market. These opportunities are: As a result of the EU territory expansion Massimo Dutti is able to reach wider markets both within and outside the UK increasing the scope of operations in the company. It also means that it is easier to source materials from the partner countries, which is an important aspect of Massimo Duttis business strategy. The stimuli provided by the government in 2009 as a result of the economic recession have helped the people to overcome the problems of disposable income and hence has boosted the retail sector. However the impact is very long term and takes time to show signs of recovery. Shoppers of high-end designer clothes tend to buy more from the mid-market than from the upmarket high street retailers as a result of the ongoing recession. This has helped retailers like Massimo Dutti to capture new demographics. As a result of the rising concerns over the recession people have started spending lesser and lesser on clothes but have started to spend more on accessories which help them to look different with the same amount of clothes. Massimo Dutti thus has a competitive advantage because of their recent launch of men and women accessories as an addition to its prior range. Online shopping is one of the recent emerging trends in the fashion industry. This opens up markets for consumers who previously were unable to shop at specific stores. This also reduces the need for a physical location of its stores. This provides a huge opportunity for mid-market retailers whose sales can be boosted in the presence of online sales. M-commerce is another technological factor affecting the industry. It can tap the key demographic i.e. 25-50 year olds and therefore has a great potential for companies like Massimo Dutti whose main target market is this demographic. Massimo Dutti Threats Due to the Economic recession and currency rate fluctuation it has been difficult for retailers to keep up with a price-led market. This impacts the already low profit margins thereby posing a threat to the retailers. As a result of the decreasing disposable income mid-market brands have suffered because people have shifted from them to fast-fashion cheap retailers who provide fashion clothes at a cheaper price. Another trend in change that has impacted Massimo Dutti is that the 25-54s have traded down the most amongst all other consumer age groups. Being the key demographic of the company it has affected sales and may continue to do so in the future. As many environmentalists have raised objections against fast-fashion it poses a threat for companies like Inditex (Massimo Dutti) as their core business model revolves around the concept of fast-fashion goods. Micro Environmental Analysis The micro environmental factors are those which are related with the firms immediate area of operation that affects the performance and decision making in that organisation. These factors also affect the overall costs of the organisation; the quality of products supplied and directly contributes to organisational success. There are 3 major stakeholder groups which affect these factors. These are the suppliers, consumers and the competitors. The Suppliers There are a number of ways in which the suppliers affect the performance of a firm. These may be related to the quality the supplier provides, the quantities that can be sourced from the suppliers, lead-time demands of the market or the ethical and environmental concerns followed by the suppliers. All these factors are responsible for having the right product at the right time to satisfy the demands of a firms consumer. Based on these factors firms must decide on issues such as who to source from, responsibility it takes for these suppliers and on the terms and conditions it adopts. Inditex has over 1,186 suppliers around the globe making it vulnerable to many factors. One of the most important trends in change is the adaptive process of suppliers to operate in low cost regions. This is because the textile industry inherently is a labour intensive industry and hence was the first to move to low labour cost regions. Five years ago, China was the only source for low cost products but now Vietnam is competing against inland China and parts of India for that same position. This is because of the increased internationalisation of the clothing companies in Europe in the past decade. As buyers are forced to spread their volumes across different regions, these regions or countries enter into competition with one another. This led to the creation of special economic zones in many countries, mostly with cheap labour. Besides cheap labour and resources these zones have no other connections to the local economy. On the other hand they are directly influenced by the high deg ree of fluctuations caused due to favourable or unfavourable conditions in foreign markets. China is one of the key suppliers to the European apparel industry but is less competitive than eastern European countries because of added logistics costs. (Appendix B.4, B.5) Another factor that has affected the suppliers is the requirement of buyers for environmental compliance and labour standards. Recently the government has launched a campaign to tackle the environmental and social impact of the fast fashion culture. As a result of this many retailers have introduced changes in their supplier regulations. For example Marks and Spencer, Tesco and Sainsburys have pledged to increase their ranges of Fair-trade and organic clothing, and support fabrics which can be recycled more easily. Also Tesco is banning cotton from countries known to use child labour. All these changes in the buying behaviour of the retailers have forced suppliers to follow stricter guidelines on environmental and ethical issues. (Appendix B.6) The Consumers The customers are a key to sales of all retail formats. An organisation must monitor its consumers and the trends in change that affect the consumers. By gathering data on shopping patterns of the consumers the retailers can identify possible changes required to the marketing strategy. It can be in the form of a changed target market, the change in distribution channels or by responding to the new product or pricing needs of the consumers. The target market for Massimo Dutti is women of 25-45 years old and men of 25-50 years old catering to the upper middle and upper socio economic class and upper middle cultural interests. The customer plays an active role in the Inditex business model. At Inditex production activity begins once customers demand reactions have been analysed. Unlike the traditional fashion company business model which started at the designers drawing table, Inditex activities starts by assessing the customers demands and continues to the store. The economic downturn is helping to boost sales of value clothing retailers. Consumers have been forced to cut back on other categories of spending like holidays abroad and restaurant meals. But consumer research shows that clothing is to be the most vulnerable area of spend amongst adults who have been forced to cut back their expenditure due to the recession, although value clothing appears to be one area of clothing expenditure that is responding positively to the trend. In response to economic worries, consumers are saving more and they appear to be trading down on clothing as a consequence. Specialist fashion discounters or value clothing retailers (led by Primark, TK Maxx and Matalan) are the main beneficiaries of the strong growth in value clothing sales, and have seen their sales rise by 7% to  £5 billion in 2009. (Appendix B.7, B.8) The GfK NOP consumer confidence index, published on 31st March 2010, showed that overall UK consumer confidence fell to -15 in March, from -14 in February. The 2,000 adults interviewed by GfK NOP also took a more negative view of the overall economic situation over next 12 months. The index also indicated that consumers are becoming more cautious about of their own personal financial situation. (Appendix B.9) The Competitors Another important factor which affects the micro-environment of an organisation is its competitors. The success and behaviour of any business will depend on the degree of competition in its market. In the case of fashion retail market the competition is intense because of a large number of players in the market. This puts a downward pressure on the price of the product offerings. Thus it is very important for a organisation to identify and monitor its competitors in order to obtain a competitive advantage. The major competitors to Massimo Dutti as a brand are Gap, Banana Republic, Mango and HM (Hennes Mauritz). Gap Banana Republic (Gap Inc.) Gap Inc. is a clothing retailer from the US that has expanded into Europe via operations in the UK, France and Ireland. Clean, classic, American designs are the words on which the brand was founded and the current offer continues to reflect these values. The commercial formats at Gap Inc. include Gap, Gap Kids, baby Gap, Gap Maternity and Gap body under the brand name Gap. Other brands which do not include the brand name Gap are Banana Republic and Old navy. Gap and Banana Republic have 140 stores in the UK. As a result of the tough trading conditions in all its markets, Gap saw the sales decline by 12% in 2008. However, Gap maintains a mid-market stance and as a result has looked to more muted colours in the current recessionary climate as consumers seek items that will last longer. In August 2009 the company also ventured into the UK e-commerce arena, announcing the availability of Gap branded items on the ASOS website. (Appendix B.10, B.11) Mango Mango is one of Spain largest clothing specialists and has also built up a sizeable international business in Europe, Asia and the Americas. Mango predominantly targets women aged 18 to 30 with a fashionable and sophisticated offer. Mango designs, manufactures and markets womens and mens clothing and accessories. Mango currently has a total of 1,220 stores in 91 countries worldwide. In the UK it operates 42 outlets which are mostly franchised. Mango follows the same multi-brand strategy as of Inditex. Mango has admitted that the global recession has led to a decline in the sales volume in early 2009 in markets such as Spain, Ireland, the UK and Russia. Consumers have been cutting back on their spending, particularly on discretionary items such as clothing. In reaction Mango has launched Think Up, an affordable sub-range for the weaker consumer climate. Recently, the group has expanded into menswear and has also hinted that it may launch a chain that targets younger shoppers. (Appendi x B.12, B.13)

Measuring Calories and Structure and Role of Macronutrients

My hypothesis was incorrect for this experiment; the manufacturer’s calorie count was considerably higher than the results of this experiment. Originally I thought that the manufacturers would have a lower calorie count in order to attract more customers into eating their products. Major companies would have proper facilities to be able to correctly measure the amount of calories in their products; however there are several things that could have given a more accurate reading in the experiment. I believe that this is the reason why the results from the experiment were so different to that of the manufacturers. It is important to know exactly how many calories are in the food and drinks we consume, this is because our bodies only need a certain amount which we can work out with our BMR. BMR stands for Basal Metabolic Rate and to calculate this it takes into account the persons age, weight, height and average level of exercise. If someone who has a BMR of 2200 calories and they are consuming 2500 calories each day then that person will gradually gain weight unless they increase their level of exercise, using this same type of thinking it would work the other way around, if the same person consumed 2000 calories each day then they would gradually lose weight. Considering the experiment actually showed that the manufacturers have stated lower amount of calories I think that the main reason for this would be down to the experiment itself. If I could do this experiment again I would try to find a way to trap more of the heat and send it towards the can, in this experiment the foil was just below the can which could allow a lot of heat to be lost to the environment which could make the results show the calories were lower than they really are. Another factor that could affect the results is that the tin can itself could take some of the heat away from the water, the experiment requires the water to get heat to gather a reading however if the can must be heated before it can reach the water then heat energy will be lost in the process. One aspect of the experiment that I would definitely change if I did it again would be to test more foods and to test each one multiple times rather than just once each, this can ensure a more accurate reading. Explain how cells and tissues make use of macronutrients and review the scientific evidence that supports the idea that an individual with a high BMI may have an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease. To keep the human body functioning correctly it needs nourishment, through eating and drinking the body can get this. The most important nutrients the body requires are called macronutrients; they are called this because they are the big (macro) nutrients. There are three macronutrients that are vital for the body to survive and these are carbohydrates, fats and proteins. Carbohydrates can be obtained through consuming bread, cereals, honey or other sugars. These carbohydrates are the bodies main source of energy, once they are in the body they can be broken down in two ways, the simple sugars can be used straight away within the cells were as the more complex sugars need to be broken down by the enzymes in the gut to make them into the simpler sugars. Once these sugars are in the cells they can be used for internal respiration to help the cells and tissues to function. If not all the energy from the carbohydrates is required then the body can also store it as fat. Fats are used for two main purposes, the first being insulation. When the environment is too cold for the body to handle fats can help to insulate the heat and keep our bodies warm. The second use of fats is food storage, when the body is not getting enough energy from foods it can break down these food stores to produce extra needed energy. Fats can be obtained from foods such as butter or olive/sunflower oils. Proteins are the last macronutrient, these can be used for energy however this is not their main function. The main function of the proteins is the building and repair of tissues. Our muscles are made of an estimated 20% protein, when tissues such as muscles get damaged proteins are used to repair them so the body can function once more. Information provided by the BMJ (British Medical Journal) states that â€Å"research has shown children who have a high BMI between 9 and 12 years of age are more likely to have high blood pressure, cholesterol and blood insulin levels (all risk factors for developing heart disease) by the time they reach adolescence. † This shows that there is a link between BMI and the causes of cardiovascular disease. An individual’s BMI can be calculated by using their height and weight so it can tell you if you are over, under or the healthy weight. So this research is basically saying that if a child is overweight and continues to be overweight, the chances are they could develop symptoms that commonly lead to cardiovascular problems. Being overweight can be caused by the body storing too much fat, which in turn can be caused by eating too many fats and/or carbohydrates and not doing enough physical exercise. If a person has a high BMI it means that their body is getting more nourishment than it needs or is not using up enough of the carbohydrates leading to fat stores. Cardiovascular disease can be caused by a variety of different symptoms such as the ones mentioned in the report. An example of how these could be linked to having a high BMI could be high blood pressure, if there are fats or cholesterol blocking a part of the cardiovascular system, the heart will have to work harder to pump the blood around the body and by doing this it is causing unnecessary work for the heart, and this is what leads to more life threatening problems. What is the role of vitamins and minerals in the human diet? Give one example of each of the above that affect the same body tissue/organ if that are deficient. As well as the macronutrients the body also needs micronutrients (minerals) and vitamins. Examples of minerals would be calcium, iron, etc. These are important like the macronutrients however they are just needed in smaller doses giving them the name micro (small). Examples of vitamins would be vitamin C which is found in citrus fruits and vitamin K which can be found in leafy green foods such as broccoli or spinach. Much like minerals, these are important just like the macronutrients but these vitamins are just needed in very small doses. Examples of how these can affect the human body would be calcium and vitamin D. Calcium can be mainly found in dairy products as well as leafy green vegetables. Calcium is what builds and maintains our bones. Without calcium in our bodies bone density would decrease and would be more likely to suffer from breaks. As well as consuming enough calcium the body also relies on a healthy level of vitamin D, this is mostly produced in the skin through the use of ultra violet rays from the sun. Vitamin D promotes calcium absorption within the body. This means that bones rely on a healthy balance between both calcium and vitamin D. If the body is deficient in either one of these two nutrients the whole skeletal system could be at risk of developing problems such as ricketts or osteoporosis. Ricketts is when the bones a softened due to the lack of calcium present in them, causing them to be prone to fractures or deformity. Osteoporosis is when the bones become less dense causing them to weaken, become brittle and break. The main problem with osteoporosis is that once the bones have broken, they are difficult to heal again as there is simply not enough calcium to maintain them again.

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